Biological Animation of Cellular Structures - Medical, Technical, Marketing and AR Animation

3d Biological Animation is most valuable when an author needs to illustrate a process or structure which cannot be easily captured by a standard physical camera. Trinity has collected a wide range of samples illustrating this application of 3D medical animation. The samples include both biological processes and structures.

00:00 – Sperm fertilizing ovum

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying a 3D model of sperm fertilizing the circular shaped ovum rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. This shot is a close-up view of the ovum displayed in vibrant purples and pinks with hyper realistic textures while sperm is entering it at many directions. — Trinity animators produce striking 3D models in this biological animation of the ovum and sperm which create beautifully rendered extreme close-up shots, providing details that can be captured by an ordinary photograph.

Human fertilization is the union of a human egg and sperm, usually occurring in the ampulla of the fallopian tube. After the egg is released from the ovary, it travels into the fallopian tube. It stays there until a single sperm fertilizes it. It takes about 24 hours for a sperm cell to fertilize an egg. When the sperm penetrates the egg, the surface of the egg changes so that no other sperm can enter. At the moment of fertilization, the baby’s genetic makeup is complete, including whether it’s a boy or girl.

The result of this union is the production of a zygote cell, or fertilized egg, initiating prenatal development.

0:05 – Pulmonary Diffusion: Cross section of bronchial tubes, showing oxygen and carbon dioxide entering and leaving the bloodstream

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation microscopic elements representing the alveoli, capillaries, blood cells, oxygen, and carbon dioxide allow viewers to visualize and understand complicated processes such as diffusion rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. This is a close-up shot of a microscopic cell that is displayed in vibrant pinks and purples including blood cells flowing through the tubes. — 3D models of microscopic elements representing the alveoli, capillaries, blood cells, oxygen, and carbon dioxide allow viewers to visualize and understand complicated processes such as diffusion in Trinity’s biological animation.

The function of the respiratory system is to exchange two gases: oxygen and carbon dioxide; this process is called “diffusion.” Inhaled oxygen enters the lungs and reaches the alveoli. The layers of cells lining the alveoli and the surrounding capillaries are each only one cell thick and are in very close contact with each other. This barrier between air and blood averages about 1 micron (1/10,000 of a centimeter, or 0.000039 inch) in thickness. Oxygen passes quickly through this air-blood barrier into the blood in the capillaries. Similarly, carbon dioxide passes from the blood into the alveoli and is then exhaled. Diffusion is a spontaneous movement of gases, taking place without the use of any energy or effort by the body. To support the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, about 5 to 8 liters (about 1.3 to 2.1 gallons) of air per minute are brought in and out of the lungs, and about three tenths of a liter of oxygen is transferred from the alveoli to the blood each minute, even when the person is at rest.

0:11 – Drugs affecting cancer cells

This segment of the biological animation demonstrates how chemotherapy circulates throughout the body in the bloodstream. So it can treat cancer cells almost anywhere in the body. This is known as a systemic treatment. Chemotherapy kills cells that are in the process of splitting into two new cells. Body tissues are made of billions of individual cells. Cells of the adult body seldom divide unless they are responding to injury. Adult cells typically only divide the division is needed to repair damage.. . In cancer, the cells keep on dividing until there is a mass of disorganized cells. This mass of cells becomes a lump, called a tumour. Because cancer cells divide much more often than most normal cells, chemotherapy is much more likely to attacj them. . Some drugs kill dividing cells by damaging the part of the cell’s control center that makes it divide. Other drugs interrupt the chemical processes involved in cell division.

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological-animation-cellular-structures portraying a tumor after cancerous cells have populated into a lump rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. The dark lump is surround by light orange colored cells that are noncancerous. — Trinity animators create a hyper-realistic 3D model of a tumor after cancerous cells have populated into a lump. They then display the process of chemotherapy and how it interrupts cell division, once again demonstrating a process that cannot be seen and is difficult to understand.

0:17 – Intestinal villi absorbing digested nutrients into blood

Digested food is able to pass into the blood vessels in the wall of the small intestine through the process of diffusion. The inner wall, or mucosa, of the small intestine is covered in wrinkles or folds called plicae circulares that project microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue called villi, which in turn have finger-like projections known as microvilli. The function of the plicae circulares, the villi, and the microvilli is to increase the amount of surface area available for the absorption of nutrients. Each villus transports nutrients to a network of capillaries and fine lymphatic vessels called lacteals close to its surface.

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue located in the small intestine, called villi. rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. The camera angle is at a low point angle looking up at the structures that are a pink color. Two of the figures are sliced in half presenting the interior. — These 3D renderings in Trinity’s biological animation represent the microscopic finger-like pieces of tissue located in the small intestines, called villi. They are sliced to allow the viewer to observe the interior capillaries and understand how they transport nutrients.

0:23 – B Cell combining with antigen in order to activate

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying a B cell combing with an antigen in order to activate rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. The B Cell is displayed in a vibrant purple with hyper realistic textures. — **Through 3D software, Trinity animators synthesized striking illustration of B cell function.**

This animation sample illustrate the function of B lymphocytes which plays an important role in the immune response to infection. B cells secretes neutralizing antibodies to combat invading pathogens. They are activated to clonally proliferate and differentiate into such antibody-secreting cells after binding of their cell surface antigen receptors to specific foreign antigen that gets trapped in lymphoid tissue.

0:29 – Dissipating cancer cell among healthy cells

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying cancerous cells dissapating rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. Viewers are taken on a journey through cells that give them a new perspective of what happens inside the human body. They are displayed in a light orange color with hyper-realistic textures. — **Viewers are taken on a journey through cells that give them a new perspective on what happens inside the human body. This particular shot displays cancerous cells dissipating.**

Most normal cells in human tissues are anchored in place. Unless cells are anchored, they cannot grow and multiply. If they become detached from their neighbors, the atrophy and die,, by a process known as “apoptosis.” But in cancer cells, the normal self-destruct instructions do not work, and they can grow and multiply without an strictira; anchor.. This allows them to invade the rest of the body, traveling via the bloodstream to start more tumors elsewhere “metastasis.”

0:32 – DNA Strands

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying DNA strands rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. There are several scattered in an open space displayed in a vibrant purple, but is closer and in focus. — **Complex structures, such as DNA strands are developed through 3D software and provide viewers with a 360 degree visualization of the complicated concept.**

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other organisms. Nearly every cell in a person’s body has the same DNA. Most DNA is located in the cell nucleus (where it is called nuclear DNA), but a small amount of DNA can also be found in the mitochondria (where it is called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA).

The information in DNA is stored as a code made up of four chemical bases: adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T). Human DNA consists of about 3 billion bases, and more than 99 percent of those bases are the same in all people. The order, or sequence, of these bases determines the information available for building and maintaining an organism, similar to the way in which letters of the alphabet appear in a certain order to form words and sentences.

0:35 – Capillary blood pressure

As blood is pumped away from the heart, it travels through the aorta to arteries, arterioles, and the capillary beds. Blood flow through the capillary beds reaches almost every cell in the body and is controlled to divert blood according to the body’s needs. After oxygen is removed from the blood, the deoxygenated blood flows to the lungs, where it is reoxygenated and sent through the veins back to the heart.

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying Capillary beds rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. The process where oxygen is removed from the blood before it is reoxygenated by the lungs is represented through the color of the of the animation - red to blue. The tubes are sliced to allow viewers to observe the blood flowing through. — **Capillary beds are represented in this 3D rendered** shot, where blood flow reaches almost every cell in the body and is controlled to divert blood according to the body’s needs. This allows viewers to examine this process where oxygen is removed from the blood before it is reoxygenated by the lungs. This is represented through the color of the of the biological animation – red to blue.

0:41 – Kidney bowman capsule extreme close up and cross section

This image is a shot from one of Trinity's medical biological animation portraying an extreme close-up of a Kidney bowman capsule cross-section demonstrates the intricate filtration system of the kidneys rendered from Trinity Animation's 3D software. — This extreme close-up of a Kidney bowman capsule cross-section demonstrates the intricate filtration system of the kidneys. It’s made up of microscopic elements that 3D animation allows viewers to witness.

Nephron, functional unit of the kidney, the structure that actually produces urine in the process of removing waste and excess substances from the blood There are about 1,000,000 nephrons in each human kidney. TEach nephron in the mammalian kidney is a long tubule, or extremely fine tube, about 30–55 mm (1.2–2.2 inches) long. At one end this tube is closed, expanded, and folded into a double-walled cuplike structure. This structure, called the renal corpuscular capsule, or Bowman’s capsule, encloses a cluster of microscopic blood vessels—capillaries—called the glomerulus The capsule and glomerulus together constitute the renal corposcule. Blood flows into and away from the glomerulus through tiny arteries called arterioles, which reach and leave the glomerulus through the open end of the capsule. In the renal corpuscle, fluid filters out of the blood in the glomerulus through the inner wall of the capsule and into the nephron tubule. As this filtrate passes through the tubule, its composition is altered by the secretion of certain substances into it and by the selective reabsorption of water and other constituents from it. The final product is urine, which is conveyed through the collecting tubules into the renal pelvis in this biological animation.